Important Unix/Linux Command Reference
File Commands
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1.
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ls
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Directory
listing
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2.
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ls -al
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Formatted
listing with hidden files
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3.
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ls -lt
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Sorting the
Formatted listing by time modification
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4.
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cd dir
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Change
directory to dir
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5.
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cd
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Change to
home directory
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6.
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pwd
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Show current
working directory
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7.
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mkdir dir
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Creating a
directory dir
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8.
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cat >file
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Places the standard
input into the file
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9.
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more file
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Output the
contents of the file
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10.
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head file
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Output the
first 10 lines of the file
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11.
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tail file
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Output the last 10 lines of the file
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12.
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tail -f file
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Output the contents of the file as it grows, starting
with the last 10 lines
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13.
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touch file
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Create or
update file
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14.
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rm file
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Deleting the
file
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15.
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rm -r dir
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Deleting the
directory
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16.
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rm -f file
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Force to
remove the file
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17.
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rm -rf dir
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Force to remove
the directory dir
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18.
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cp file1
file2
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Copy the contents
of file1 to file2
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19.
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cp -r dir1
dir2
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Copy dir1 to
dir2;create dir2 if not present
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20.
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mv file1
file2
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Rename or move file1 to file2,if
file2 is an existing directory
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21.
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ln -s file
link
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Create a symbolic link to file
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Process
management
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1.
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ps
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To display
the current working processes
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2.
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top
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Display all
running process
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6.
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finger user
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Display
information about user
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7.
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uname -a
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Show kernel information
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8.
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cat
/proc/cpuinfo
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Cpu
information
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9.
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cat proc/meminfo
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Memory information
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10.
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man command
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Show the
manual for command
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11.
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df
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Show the disk usage
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12.
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du
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Show
directory space usage
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13.
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free
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Show memory and swap usage
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14.
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whereis app
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Show possible
locations of app
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15.
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which app
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Show which applications will be run by default
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Compression
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1.
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tar cf file.tar file
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Create tar named file.tar
containing file
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2.
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tar xf
file.tar
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Extract the
files from file.tar
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3.
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tar czf file.tar.gz files
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Create a tar with Gzip
compression
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4.
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tar xzf
file.tar.gz
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Extract a tar
using Gzip
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5.
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tar cjf file.tar.bz2
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Create tar with Bzip2
compression
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6.
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tar xjf
file.tar.bz2
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Extract a tar
using Bzip2
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7.
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gzip file
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Compresses file and renames it to file.gz
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8.
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gzip -d
file.gz
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Decompresses
file.gz back to file
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Network
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1.
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ping host
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Ping host and output results
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2.
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whois domain
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Get whois
information for domains
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3.
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dig domain
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Get DNS information for domain
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4.
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dig -x host
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Reverse
lookup host
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5.
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wget file
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Download file
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6.
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wget -c file
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Continue a
stopped download
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Shortcuts
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1.
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ctrl+c
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Halts the
current command
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2.
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ctrl+z
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Stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground
or bg in the background
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3.
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ctrl+d
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Logout the current
session, similar to exit
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4.
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ctrl+w
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Erases one word in the current line
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5.
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ctrl+u
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Erases the
whole line
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6.
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ctrl+r
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Type to bring
up a recent command
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7.
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!!
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Repeats the
last command
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8.
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exit
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Logout the
current session
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