TOP AWS Interview Questions & Answers

AWS Interview Questions

AWS Interview Questions - Basic and Intermediate Level

1) What is Amazon Web Services?

Ans: AWS stands for Amazon Web Services, which is a cloud computing platform. It is designed in such a way that it provides cloud services in the form of small building blocks, and these blocks help create and deploy various types of applications in the cloud. These sequences of small blocks are integrated to deliver the services in a highly scalable manner.

2) What are the Main Components of AWS? 

Ans: The Key Components of AWS are: 

·       Simple Email Service: It allows you to send emails with the help of regular SMTP or by using a restful API call  

·        Route 53: It’s a DNS web service.

·        Simple Storage Device S3: It is a widely used storage device service in AWS Identity and Access Management

·        Elastic compute cloud( EC2): It acts as an on-demand computing resource for hosting applications. EC2 is very helpful in time of uncertain workloads.

·        Elastic Block Store: It allows you to store constant volumes of data which is integrated with EC2 and enable you to data persist.

·        Cloud watch: It allows you to watch the critical areas of the AWS with which you can even set a reminder for troubleshooting.

3) Explain what S3 is all about?

Ans: S3 is the abbreviation for a simple storage service. It is used for storing and retrieving data at any time and anywhere on the web. S3 makes web-scale computing easier for developers. The payment mode of S3 is available on a pay as you go basis. 

4) What is AMI?

Ans: It stands for Amazon Machine Image. The AMI contains essential information required to launch an instance, and it is a copy of AMI running in the cloud. You can download as many examples as possible from multiple AIMs. 

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5) What is the relationship between an instance and AMI?

Ans: Using a single AMI, you can download as many instances as you can. An instance type is used to define the hardware of the host computer for your situation. Each instance is unique and provides the facilities in computational and storage capabilities. Once you install an instance, it looks similar to a traditional host with which we can interact in the same way we do with a computer. 

6) What are the things that are included in the AIM? 

Ans: An AIM consists of the things which are mentioned below:

·        A template for the instance

·        Launch permissions

·        A block mapping which decides the volume to be attached when it gets launched.

7)  What is an EIP?

Ans: The Elastic IP address (EIP) is a static Ipv4 address offered by AWS to manage dynamic cloud computing services. Connect your AWS account with EIP so that if you want static IPv4 address for your instance, you can be associated with the EIP which enables communication with the internet.

8) What is CloudFront?

Ans: CloudFront is a content delivery network offered by AWS, and it speeds up the distribution of dynamic and static web content such as .css, .js, .html and image files to the users. It delivers the content with low latency and high transfer speed to the users. AWS provides CDN for less price and it suits best for startups.

9) What is VPC?

Ans: Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) allows you to launch AWS resources into the virtual network. It allows users to create and customize network configurations according to users’ business requirements.

10) What is the VPC peering connection?

Ans: VPC peering connection is a networking connection that allows connecting one VPC with the other. It enables the route traffic between two VPCs using IPv6 and Ipv4 addresses. Instances within the VPCs behave like as they are in the same network.

11) What is the procedure to send a request to Amazon S3?

Ans: S3 in Amazon is a RESt service, and you can send requests by using the AWS SDK or REST API wrapper libraries.

12) What are NAT gateways?

Ans: Network Address Translation (NAT) allows instances to connect in a private subnet with the internet and other AWS services. NAT prevents the internet to have an initial connection with the instances. 

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13) What is SNS?

Ans: Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS )is a web service provided by the AWS. It manages and delivers the messages or notifications to the users and clients from any cloud platform. In SNS, there are two types of clients: subscribers and publishers. Publishers produce and send a message to the subscriber instance through the communication channels. Subscribers receive the notification from the publisher over one of the supported protocols such as Amazon SQS, HTTP, and Lambda, etc. Amazon SNS automatically triggers the service and sends an email with a message that “ your EC2 instance is growing” when you are using Auto Scaling.

14) What is SQS?

Ans: Amazon SQS stands for Simple Queue Service, and it manages the message queue service. Using this service, you can move the data or message from one application to another even though it is not in the running or active state. SQS sends messages between multiple services, including S3, DynamoDB, EC2 Instance, and also it uses the Java message queue service to delivery the information. The maximum visibility timeout of a message is 12 hours in the SQS queue.

15) What are the types of queues in SQS?

Ans: There are two types of queues in SQS. They are as follows:

Standard Queues: It is a default queue type. It provides an unlimited number of transactions per second and at least once message delivery option.

FIFO Queues: FIFO queues are designed to ensure that the order of messages is received and sent is strictly preserved as in the exact order that they sent.

16) Explain the types of instances available?

Ans: Below stated are the available instances:

·        General-purpose

·        Storage optimized

·        Accelerated computing

·        Computer-optimized

·        Memory-optimized

17) Explain about DynamoDB?

Ans: If you want to have a faster and flexible NoSQL database, then the right thing available is DynamoDB, which is a flexible and efficient database model available in Amazon web services.

18) What is Glacier?

Ans: Amazon Glacier is one of the most important services provided by AWS. The Glacier is an online web storage service that provides you with low cost and effective storage with security features for archival and data backup. With Glacier, you can store the information effectively for months, years, or even decades.

19) What is Redshift?

Ans: Redshift is a big data product used as a data warehouse in the cloud. It is the fast, reliable and powerful product of a big data warehouse.

20) What are the Types of AMI Provided by AWS?

Ans: Below listed are the two kinds of AMIs provided by AWS:

·        EBS backed

·        Instance store backed

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21) What is an ELB?

Ans: Elastic Load Balancer is a load balancing service offered by AWS. It distributes incoming resources and controls the application traffic to meet traffic demands.

22) What are the types of load balancers in EC2?

Ans: There are three types of load balancers in EC2. They are as follows:

Application Load Balancer: Application load balancer designed to make routing decisions at the application layer. ALC supports dynamic host port mapping and path-based routings.

Network Load Balancer: Network load balancer is designed to make routing decisions at the transport layer. It handles millions of requests per second. Using the flow hash routing algorithm, NCL selects the target from the target groups after receiving a connection from the load balancer. 

Classic Load Balancer: Classic load balancer is designed to make routing decisions either at the application layer or transport layer. It requires a fixed relationship between container instance port and load balancer port.

23) Explain what is a T2 instance?

Ans: T2 instance is one of the low-cost Amazon instances that provides a baseline level of CPU performance.  

24) Mention the security best practices for Amazon EC2.

Ans: Security best practices for Amazon EC2 are as below:

·        Security and network

·        Storage

·        Resource Management

·        Recovery and Backup

25) While connecting to your instance, what are the possible connection issues one might face?

Ans: The following are the connection issues faced by the user:

·        User key not recognized by the server

·        Permission denied

·        Connection timeout

·        Cannot connect using user’s browser

·        Server unexpectedly closed network connection

·        Unprotected private key

·        Cannot ping the instance

·        Server refused host key

·        The private key must begin with “BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY” and end with “ END RSA PRIVATE KEY.”

26) What are key-pairs in AWS?

Ans: Amazon EC2 uses both public and private keys to encrypt and decrypt the login information. The sender uses a public key to encrypt the data and the receiver uses a private key to decrypt the data. Private and public keys are known as key pairs. The public key enables you to access the instance securely and a private key is used instead of a password.

27) What is SimpleDB?

Ans: SimpleDB is one of Amazon services offered by AWS. It is a distributed database and highly available NoSQL data store that offloads the work of database administrators.

28) What is Elastic Beanstalk?

Ans: Elastic Beanstalk is the best service offered by AWS for deploying and managing applications. It assists applications developed in Java, .Net, Node.js, PHP, Ruby, and Python. When you deploy the application, Elastic beanstalk builts the selected supported platform versions and AWS services like S3, SNS, EC2, cloud watch and autoscaling to run your application.

29) Mention a few benefits of the Elastic beanstalk.

Ans: Following are the few benefits of the Elastic Beanstalk:

Easy and simple: Elastic Beanstalk enables you to manage and deploy the application easily and quickly.

Autoscaling: Beanstalk scales up or down automatically when your application traffic increases or decreases.

Developer productivity: Developers can easily deploy the application without any knowledge, but they need to maintain the application securely and user-friendly.

Cost-effective: No charge for Beanstalk. Charges are applied for the AWS service resources which you are using for your application.

Customization: Elastic Beanstalk allows users to select the configurations of AWS services that user want to use them for application development.

Management and updates: It updates the application automatically when it changes the platform. Platform updates and infrastructure management are taken care of by AWS professionals.

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30) Define regions and availability zones in Amazon EC2?

Ans: Amazon web service has a global infrastructure that is divided into availability zones and regions. Each region is divided into a geographic area and it has multiple isolated locations called availability zones.

31) What is Amazon EC2 Root Device Volume?

Ans:  When the developer launches the instance, the root device volume is used to boot the instance that contains the image. When the developer introduces the Amazon EC2, all AMIs are propped up by an Amazon EC2 instance store.

32) What is Server Load Balancing?

Ans: A Server load balancer (SLB) provides content delivery and networking services using load balancing algorithms. SLB distributes the network traffic equally across a group of servers to ensure high-performance application delivery.

33) How does a server load balancer work?

Ans: The server load balancer works based on two approaches. They are:

·        Transport level load balancing

·        Application level load balancing

34) What are the advantages of the Server load balancer?

Ans: The advantages of server load balancer are as follows:

·        Increases scalability

·        Redundancy

·        Maintenance and performance

35) Explain the process to secure the data for carrying in the cloud?

Ans: One thing that must be taken into consideration is that no one should resize the data while it is moving from one point to another. The other thing to consider is there should not be any kind of leakage with the security key from the multiple storerooms in the cloud. Dividing the information into different types and by encrypting it into the valid methods could help you in securing the data in the cloud.

36) What are the layers available in cloud computing?

Ans:  Below listed are the various layers of cloud computing

·        SaaS: Software as a Service

·        PaaS: Platform as a Service

·        IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service

37) Explain the layers of Cloud architecture?

Ans: We have five different types of layers available, which are:

·        SC- Storage controller

·        CC- cluster controller

·        NC- Node controller

·        Walrus

·        CLC- cloud controller

38) What are the reserved instances?

Ans: It is nothing but a reservation of resources for one or three years and utilized whenever you need it. The reservation comes on a subscription basis available for a term of 1 year and three years. The hourly rate goes down as the usage increases. Purchasing reservations isn’t just associated with the reservation of resources, but also, it comes with the capacity that is required for a particular zone.   

39) What is meant by a cloud watch?

Ans: Cloud watching is a monitoring tool in Amazon Web Services with which you can monitor different resources of your organization. You can have a look at various things like health, applications, network, etc.

             

40) How many types of cloud watches do we have? 

Ans: We have two types of cloud watches: essential monitoring and detailed monitoring. The necessary tracking will come to you at free of cost, but when it comes to detailed control, you need to pay for it. 

41) Explain the cloud watch metrics that are meant for EC2 instances?

Ans: The available metrics for EC2 instances are Disk reads, CPU utilization, network packetsOut, CPUCreditUsage, Disk writes, network packetsIn, networkOut, and CPUCreditBalance. 

42) What would be the minimum and maximum size of the individual objects that you can store in S3?

Ans: The minimum size of the object that you can store in S3 is 0 bytes, and the maximum size of an individual object that you can save is 5TB.

43) Explain the various storage classes available in S3?

Ans: Below mentioned are the storage classes available in S3.

·        Standard frequency accessed

·        One-zone infrequency accessed

·        RRS - reduced redundancy storage

·        Standard infrequency accessed

·        Glacier

44) What are the methods to encrypt the data in S3?

Ans: We have three different methods available for encrypting the data in S3. They are as follows.

·        Server-Side Encryption - C

·        Server-Side Encryption - S3

·        Server-Side Encryption - KMS    

45) On what basis the pricing of the S3 is decided?

Ans: The pricing for S3 is decided by taking into consideration the below topics.

·        Data transfer

·        Storage used

·        Number of requests

·        Transfer acceleration

·        Storage management

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