Question: What
is Gradle?
Answer:
Gradle is an open-source build automation system that builds
upon the concepts of Apache
Ant and Apache Maven. Gradle has a proper programming language
instead of XML
configuration file and the language is called ‘Groovy’.
Gradle uses a directed acyclic graph ("DAG") to
determine the order in which tasks can be
run.
Gradle was designed for multi-project builds, which can grow to
be quite large. It supports
incremental builds by intelligently determining which parts of
the build tree are up to date,
any task dependent only on those parts does not need to be
re-executed.
Question: What Are Advantages of Gradle?
Answer:
Gradle provides many advantages and here is a list
Declarative Builds: Probably one of the biggest advantages of Gradle is
Groovy
language. Gradle provides declarative language elements. Which
provide a build-by convention support for Java, Groovy, Web and Scala.
Structured Build: Gradle allows developers to apply common design
principles to
their build. It provides a perfect structure for build, so that
well-structured and easily
maintained, comprehensible build structures can be built.
Deep API: Using this API, developers can monitor and customize its
configuration
and execution behaviors.
Scalability: Gradle can easily increase productivity, from simple and single
project
builds to huge enterprise multi-project builds.
Multi-project builds: Gradle supports multi-project builds and also partial
builds.
Build management: Gradle supports different strategies to manage project
dependencies.
First build integration tool − Gradle completely supports ANT tasks, Maven and lvy
repository infrastructure for publishing and retrieving
dependencies. It also provides a
converter for turning a Maven pom.xml to Gradle script.
Ease of migration: Gradle can easily adapt to any project structure.
Gradle Wrapper: Gradle Wrapper allows developers to execute Gradle builds on
machines where Gradle is not installed. This is useful for
continuous integration of
servers.
Free open source − Gradle is an open source project, and licensed under the
Apache Software License (ASL).
Groovy: Gradle's build scripts are written in Groovy, not XML. But
unlike other
approaches this is not for simply exposing the raw scripting
power of a dynamic
language. The whole design of Gradle is oriented towards being
used as a language,
not as a rigid framework.
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Question: Why Gradle Is Preferred Over Maven or Ant?
Answer:
There isn't a great support for multi-project builds in Ant and
Maven. Developers end up
doing a lot of coding to support multi-project builds.
Also having some build-by-convention is nice and makes build
scripts more concise. With
Maven, it takes build by convention too far, and customizing
your build process becomes a
hack.
Maven also promotes every project publishing an artifact. Maven
does not support
subprojects to be built and versioned together. But with Gradle
developers can have the flexibility of Ant and build by convention of Maven.
Groovy is easier and clean to code than XML. In Gradle,
developers can define
dependencies between projects on the local file system without
the need to publish
artifacts to repository.
Question: what is the difference between Gradle and Maven?
Answer:
The following is a summary of the major differences between
Gradle and Apache Maven:
Flexibility: Google chose Gradle as the official build tool for Android; not
because build
scripts are code, but because Gradle is modeled in a way that is
extensible in the most
fundamental ways.
Both Gradle and Maven provide convention over configuration.
However, Maven provides a
very rigid model that makes customization tedious and sometimes
impossible.
While this can make it easier to understand any given Maven
build, it also makes it
unsuitable for many automation problems. Gradle, on the other
hand, is built with an
empowered and responsible user in mind.
Performance :
Both Gradle and Maven employ some form of parallel project
building and parallel
dependency resolution. The biggest differences are Gradle's
mechanisms for work
avoidance and incrementally.
Following features make Gradle much faster than Maven:
Incrementally: Gradle avoids work by tracking input and output of tasks and
only
running what is necessary.
Build Cache:Reuses the build outputs of any other Gradle build with the same
inputs.
Gradle Daemon:A long-lived process that keeps build information
"hot" in memory.
User Experience
Maven's has a very good support for various IDE's. Gradle's IDE
support continues to
improve quickly but is not great as of Maven.
Although IDEs are important, a large number of users prefer to
execute build operations
through a command-line interface. Gradle provides a modern CLI
that has discoverability
features like `gradle tasks`, as well as improved logging and
command-line completion.
Dependency Management
Both build systems provide built-in capability to resolve
dependencies from configurable
repositories. Both are able to cache dependencies locally and
download them in parallel.
As a library consumer, Maven allows one to override a
dependency, but only by version.
Gradle provides customizable dependency selection and
substitution rules that can be
declared once and handle unwanted dependencies project-wide.
This substitution
mechanism enables Gradle to build multiple source projects
together to create composite
builds.
Maven has few, built-in dependency scopes, which forces awkward
module architectures in
common scenarios like using test fixtures or code generation.
There is no separation
between unit and integration tests, for example. Gradle allows
custom dependency scopes,
which provides better-modeled and faster builds.
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Question: What are Gradle Build Scripts?
Answer:
Gradle builds a script file for handling projects and tasks.
Every Gradle build represents one
or more projects. A project represents a library JAR or a web
application.
Question: What is Gradle Wrapper?
Answer:
The wrapper is a batch script on Windows, and a shell script for
other operating systems.
Gradle Wrapper is the preferred way of starting a Gradle build.
When a Gradle build is started via the wrapper, Gradle will
automatically download and run
the build.
Question: What is difference between Maven build.xml and
Build.gradle script?
Answer:
Maven build.xml is xml document that includes start and end
tags. Build.gradle is a Groovy script which has syntax similar to Java.
Question: How do I force Gradle
to download dependencies always?
Answer:
you may refresh dependencies in your cache using the command
line option --refresh-dependencies. Also deleting the cached files
under ~/.gradle/caches would get the next Gradle build
to download them again.
Question: What is Gradle Build Script File Name?
Answer:
This type of name is written in the format that is build.gradle.
It generally configures the
Gradle scripting language.
Question: How To Add Dependencies In Gradle?
Answer:
In order to make sure that dependency for your project is added,
you need to mention the
configuration dependency like compiling the block dependencies
of the build.gradle file.
Question: What Is Dependency Configuration?
Answer:
Dependency configuration comprises of the external dependency,
which you need to install
well and make sure the downloading is done from the web. There
are some key features of
this configuration which are:
1. Compilation: The project which you would be starting and working on
the first needs
to be well compiled and ensure that it is maintained in the good
condition.
2. Runtime: It is the desired time which is required to get the work
dependency in the
form of collection.
3. Test Compile: The dependencies check source requires the collection to
be made
for running the project.
4. Test runtime: This is the final process which needs the checking to be
done for
running the test that is in a default manner considered to be
the mode of runtime
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Question: What Is Gradle Daemon?
Answer:
A daemon is a computer program that runs as a background
process, rather
than being under the direct control of an interactive user.
Gradle runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and uses several
supporting
libraries that require a non-trivial initialization time.
As a result, it can sometimes seem a little slow to start. The
solution to this
problem is the Gradle Daemon: a long-lived background process
that
executes your builds much more quickly than would otherwise be
the case.
We accomplish this by avoiding the expensive bootstrapping
process as
well as leveraging caching, by keeping data about your project
in memory.
Question: What Is Dependency Management in Gradle?
Answer:
Software projects rarely work in isolation. In most cases, a
project relies on reusable
functionality in the form of libraries or is broken up into
individual components to compose a
modularized system.
Dependency management is a technique for declaring, resolving
and using dependencies
required by the project in an automated fashion.
Gradle has built-in support for dependency management and lives
up the task of fulfilling
typical scenarios encountered in modern software projects.
Question: What Are Benefits Of Daemon in Gradle 3.0?
Answer:
Here are some of the benefits of Gradle daemon
1. It has good UX
2. It is very powerful
3. It is aware of the resource
4. It is well integrated with the Gradle Build scans
5. It has been default enabled
Question: What is the difference between settings.gradle and
gradle.properties ?
Answer:
settings.gradle is a Groovy script that defines build related
settings and not project related setting while in case of gradle.properties,
file is a simple Java Properties file. It is a simple key-value store.
Question: What Is Gradle Multi-Project Build?
Answer:
Multi-project builds helps with modularization. It allows a
person to concentrate on one area
of work in a larger project, while Gradle takes care of
dependencies from other parts of the
project
A multi-project build in Gradle consists of one root project,
and one or more subprojects
that may also have subprojects.
While each subproject could configure itself in complete
isolation of the other subprojects, it
is common that subprojects share common traits.
It is then usually preferable to share configurations among
projects, so the same
configuration affects several subprojects.
Question: What Is Gradle Build Task?
Answer:
Gradle Build Tasks is made up of one or more projects and a
project represents what is
been done with Gradle.
Some key of features of Gradle Build Tasks are:
1. Task has life cycled methods [do first, do last]
2. Build Scripts are code
3. Default tasks like run, clean etc
4. Task dependencies can be defined using properties like
dependsOn
Question: What is Gradle Build Life Cycle?
Answer:
Gradle Build life cycle consists of following three steps
-Initialization phase: In this phase the project layer or objects are organized
-Configuration phase: In this phase all the tasks are available for the
current build and a
dependency graph is created
-Execution phase: In this phase tasks are executed.
Question: What is Gradle Java Plugin?
Answer:
The Java plugin adds Java compilation along with testing and
bundling capabilities to the
project. It is introduced in the way of a SourceSet which act as
a group of source files
complied and executed together.
Question: What is Dependency Configuration?
Answer:
A set of dependencies is termed as dependency configuration,
which contains some
external dependencies for download and installation.
Here are some key features of dependency configuration are:
Compile:
The project must be able to compile together
Runtime:
It is the required time needed to get the dependency work in the
collection.
Test Compile:
The check source of the dependencies is to be collected in order
to run the project.
Test Runtime:
The
final procedure is to check and run the test which is by default act as a
runtime mode.
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